76.4. THE GENERAL CASE 2557

Now take a subsequence such that if m> nk,Cnk,m < 4−k. Then the above inequality impliesthat

P(

sups∈[0,T ] ⟨B(un−um) ,un−um⟩(s)+∫ T

0

∥∥unk −unk+1

∥∥α

U ds≥ 2−k

)≤ 4−k

2−k = 2−k

and so, by the Borel Cantelli lemma, there is a set of measure zero N including all earlierexceptional sets of measure zero such that for ω /∈ N,

sups∈[0,T ]

⟨B(un−um) ,un−um⟩(s)+∫ T

0

∥∥unk −unk+1

∥∥α

U ds < 2−k

for all k large enough. We will denote this new subsequence by {un} . Thus for suchω, it follows that {Bun} is a Cauchy sequence in C

(NC

ω ,W′) for Nω an exceptional set of

measure zero where B(un−um)(t) ̸=B(un (t)−um (t)) and also {un} is a Cauchy sequencein Lα (0,T,U). It follows

Bun→ z strongly in C(NC

ω ,W′) with uniform norm (76.4.28)

limm,n→∞

sups∈[0,T ]

⟨B(un−um) ,un−um⟩(s) = 0 (76.4.29)

There exists u ∈ Lα (0,T,U) such that for ω /∈ N,

∥un−u∥Lα (0,T,U)→ 0, un (t,ω)→ u(t,ω) for a.e.t in U (76.4.30)

Of course a technical issue is the fact that B is a degenerate operator which might notbe invertible. In the above limit, we do not know that z = Bu for some u. We resolve thisissue by obtaining pointwise estimates for a given ω and then pass to a limit. After this,a time integration will give the desired result. There are easier ways to do this if B is notdegenerate.

From now on, this or a subsequence of this one will be the sequence of interest. Returnto 76.4.27 and use the Ito formula again. Thus using the estimates,

12⟨Bun,un⟩(t)−

12⟨Bu0n,u0n⟩+δ

∫ t

0∥un∥p

V ds−λ

∫ t

0⟨Bun,un⟩ds

=12

∫ t

0⟨BΦn,Φn⟩ds+

∫ t

0c(s,ω)ds+

∫ t

0⟨ f ,un⟩ds+Mn (t)

where Mn (t) is a local martingale whose quadratic variation satisfies

[Mn] (t)≤C∫ t

0∥Φn∥2

L2∥Bun∥2

W ds

Then adjusting the constants,

⟨Bun,un⟩(t)+∫ t

0∥un∥p

V ds≤C (u0n,Φn, f ,c)+CM∗n (t)

where the expectation of the first constant on the right is no larger than a constant C whichis independent of n. Since the right term is increasing in t,

sups∈[0,t]

⟨Bun,un⟩(s)+∫ t

0∥un∥p

V ds≤C (u0n,Φn, f ,c)+CM∗n (t) (76.4.31)

76.4. THE GENERAL CASE 2557Now take a subsequence such that if m > ng,Cr,m < 4-* Then the above inequality impliesthatSUPs<(0,7] (B (Un — Um) ;Un — Um) (3) 4k __ 4-k° 1 a+o [un = Hm Ip ds 2and so, by the Borel Cantelli lemma, there is a set of measure zero N including all earlierexceptional sets of measure zero such that for @ ¢ N,Tsup (B (un —Um) ,Un — Um) (Ss) +f || rng — Ung Il as <2*sE[0,7] 0for all k large enough. We will denote this new subsequence by {u,}. Thus for suchQ, it follows that {Bu,} is a Cauchy sequence in C (NG ,wW' ) for N@ an exceptional set ofmeasure zero where B (uy — Um) (t) AB (Un (t) — Um (t)) and also {u,} is a Cauchy sequencein L“ (0,7,U). It followsBuy, — z strongly inC (NG ; w’) with uniform norm (76.4.28)lim sup (B(u,—Um),Un —Um) (s) =0 (76.4.29)MN sel0,7|There exists u € L® (0,7,U) such that for w ¢ N,||ttn — Ulle«o,rv) > 0, un (t,@) > u(t,@) for a.e.t inU (76.4.30)Of course a technical issue is the fact that B is a degenerate operator which might notbe invertible. In the above limit, we do not know that z = Bu for some u. We resolve thisissue by obtaining pointwise estimates for a given @ and then pass to a limit. After this,a time integration will give the desired result. There are easier ways to do this if B is notdegenerate.From now on, this or a subsequence of this one will be the sequence of interest. Returnto 76.4.27 and use the Ito formula again. Thus using the estimates,1 1 t t5 (But. ty) (0) — 5 (Buon, ton) +5 f |ualipds—2 | (Buy, ttn) ds_ 5 | Benendds+ [e(s,a)ds+ | (Fat) ds-+Mn(0where M,, (t) is a local martingale whose quadratic variation satisfies(M(t) <C | Pnl% Bun ly aThen adjusting the constants,(Bun, Un) (t) +[ \lun II ds < C (on, Pn, fc) +CMF (t)where the expectation of the first constant on the right is no larger than a constant C whichis independent of n. Since the right term is increasing inf,tsup (Bun,un) (s) + [ lun|I? ds < C (won, Bn, f.¢) + EME (t) (76.4.31)sE[0,t]