760 CHAPTER 37. SOME FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS AND TRANSFORMS

x

x = γy

Let ηR be the above contour oriented as shown. The radius of thecircular part is R. Let CR be the curved part. Then one can show thatunder suitable assumptions

limR→∞

12πi

∫CR

eutF (u)du = 0 (37.7)

The needed condition is that for all |z| large enough,

|F (z)| ≤ C|z|α

, some α > 0. (37.8)

Note that this assumption implies there are finitely many poles for F (z) because if w is apole, you have limz→w |F (z)|= ∞. Thus all poles are in some disk of suitable radius. Alsorecall that poles have no limit point. Thus there are only finitely many in a suitably largedisk and this accounts for all of them.

Lemma 37.5.1 Let the contour be as shown and assume 37.8. Then the above limit in 37.7exists.

Proof: Assume c≥ 0 as shown and let θ be the angle between the positive x axis and apoint on CR. Let 0 < β < α . Then the contour integral over CR will be broken up into threepieces, two pieces around the y axis

θ ∈[

π

2− arcsin

( cR

),

π

2+ arcsin

( cR1−β

)],[

2− arcsin

( cR1−β

),

2+ arcsin

( cR

)],

and the third having

θ ∈(

π

2+ arcsin

( cR1−β

),

2− arcsin

( cR1−β

))Then, ∫

CR

etzF (z)dz =∫ 3π

2 −arcsin(

cR1−β

)π2 +arcsin

(c

R1−β

) e(Rcosθ+iRsinθ)tF(

Reiθ)

Rieiθ dθ+ (37.9)

+∫ π

2 +arcsin(

cR1−β

)π2−arcsin( c

R )e(Rcosθ+iRsinθ)tF

(Reiθ

)Rieiθ dθ

+∫ 3π

2 +arcsin( cR )

3π2 −arcsin

(c

R1−β

) e(Rcosθ+iRsinθ)tF(

Reiθ)

Rieiθ dθ

Consider the last two integrals first. For large |z| , with z ∈ C∗R, the sum of the absolutevalues of these is no more than∣∣∣∣∣

∫ π2 +arcsin

(c

R1−β

)π2−arcsin( c

R )eR(cosθ)t C

RαRdθ

∣∣∣∣∣+∣∣∣∣∣∫ 3π

2 +arcsin( cR )

3π2 −arcsin

(c

R1−β

) eR(cosθ)t CRα

Rdθ

∣∣∣∣∣≤ CeR(cos( π

2−arcsin( cR )))t

(arcsin

( cR1−β

)+ arcsin

( cR

))R1−α

+CeR(cos( 3π2 +arcsin( c

R )))t(

arcsin( c

R1−β

)+ arcsin

( cR

))R1−α

760 CHAPTER 37. SOME FUNDAMENTAL FUNCTIONS AND TRANSFORMSy L =YLet 1p be the above contour oriented as shown. The radius of thecircular part is R. Let Cr be the curved part. Then one can show thatunder suitable assumptions‘ I ut —_—lim sa | ¢ F (u)du=0 (37.7)The needed condition is that for all |z| large enough,C|F (z)| < ge some @ > 0. (37.8)ZzNote that this assumption implies there are finitely many poles for F (z) because if w is apole, you have lim,_,,, |F (z)| = ce. Thus all poles are in some disk of suitable radius. Alsorecall that poles have no limit point. Thus there are only finitely many in a suitably largedisk and this accounts for all of them.Lemma 37.5.1 Let the contour be as shown and assume 37.8. Then the above limit in 37.7exists.Proof: Assume c > 0 as shown and let @ be the angle between the positive x axis and apoint on Cr. Let 0 < B < a@. Then the contour integral over Cr will be broken up into threepieces, two pieces around the y axis@€ 5 —arcsin (5) 5 + arcsin (a) ;= _aresin (5) =F aresin (£)2 R'-B/? 2 R/ |?and the third having€ zr aresin RIB)? 2 —arcsin RIB/ ep ( )de= _ poe —BCr F +aresin(— 5)“h J taresin( 56 ) e(Reos 6+iRsin 8) E (Re’*) Rie'’ do§ —aresin( § )Then,) e(Reos 6+iRsin 8)t F (Re) Rie? d+ (37.9)(#)a £)eel (Re*) Rie!’ de38 —aresin(Consider the last two integrals first. For large |z|, with z € Cp, the sum of the absolutevalues of these is no more thanz sin( ——[ +aresin( = ) o(cos 6) © pig§ —arcsin(§) Re< Ce (cos( ¥—aresin( § )) )¢ (os (= R32 +arcsin( €) C4 he R eR (cos) — Rd @3 —aresin( = ) RB ) + arcsin (5)) Ri-%1-+CeR (cos F +arcsin( R) ))* (aresin (aa 5) + arcsin (5)) R!-@