114 CHAPTER 5. LINEAR TRANSFORMATIONS

(a) T

(12

)= 2

(12

)+1

(−11

),T

(−11

)=

(−11

)

(b) T

(01

)= 2

(01

)+1

(−11

),T

(−11

)=

(01

)

(c) T

(10

)= 2

(12

)+1

(10

),T

(12

)= 1

(10

)−

(12

)

6. ↑In each example above, find a matrix A such that for every x ∈ R2,Tx= Ax.

7. Consider the linear transformation Tθ which rotates every vector in R2 through theangle of θ . Find the matrix Aθ such that Tθx = Aθx. Hint: You need to have thecolumns of Aθ be Te1 and Te2. Review why this is before using this. Then simplyfind these vectors from trigonometry.

8. ↑If you did the above problem right, you got

Aθ =

(cosθ −sinθ

sinθ cosθ

)Derive the famous trig. identities for the sum of two angles by using the fact thatAθ+φ = Aθ Aφ and the above description.

9. Let β = {u1, · · · ,un} be a basis for Fn and let T : Fn→ Fn be defined as follows.

T

(n

∑k=1

akuk

)=

n

∑k=1

akbkuk

First show that T is a linear transformation. Next show that the matrix of T withrespect to this basis is [T ]

β= 

b1. . .

bn

Show that the above definition is equivalent to simply specifying T on the basisvectors of β by

T (uk) = bkuk.

10. Let T be given by specifying its action on the vectors of a basis

β = {u1, · · · ,un}

as follows.

Tuk =n

∑j=1

a jku j.

Letting A = (ai j) , verify that [T ]β= A. It is done in the chapter, but go over it

yourself. Show that [T ]γ=(

u1 · · · un

)[T ]

β

(u1 · · · un

)−1(5.8)

11410.()(2)0(2)e)-6)wel) )6 CC)orf )()C)-0)+In each example above, find a matrix A such that for every « € R*,Tx = Aa.Consider the linear transformation Tg which rotates every vector in R* through theangle of @. Find the matrix Ag such that Tga = Aga. Hint: You need to have thecolumns of Ag be Te; and Tez. Review why this is before using this. Then simplyfind these vectors from trigonometry.+If you did the above problem right, you gotcos@ —sin@Ag = .sinO cos@Derive the famous trig. identities for the sum of two angles by using the fact thatAo+o =AoAg¢ and the above description.Let B = {uy,--- , Un} be a basis for F” and let T : F" — F" be defined as follows.n nT e aun) = y arbyugk=1 k=1First show that 7 is a linear transformation. Next show that the matrix of T withrespect to this basis is [J], =bybnShow that the above definition is equivalent to simply specifying T on the basisvectors of B byT (ax) = by Ug.Let T be given by specifying its action on the vectors of a basisB= {ul,-++ Un}as follows.nTux = Yo aj.j=lLetting A = (aj;), verify that [JT], =A. It is done in the chapter, but go over ityourself. Show that IT], =(ur uy [tip (ry) (5.8)